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List of cervical spine disorders
The cervical spine is the uppermost part of the spine, located in the neck region. It consists of seven vertebrae (C1–C7) and plays a vital role in supporting the head, enabling neck movement, and protecting the spinal cord and nerves that supply the arms and upper body. Because of its mobility and constant use, the cervical spine is vulnerable to a range of disorders.
Below is a clear, medically accurate list of cervical spine disorders, explained in simple language to help patients and readers understand their condition better.
1. Cervical Spondylosis
Cervical spondylosis is one of the most common cervical spine disorders and is related to age-related wear and tear.
Key features:
- Degeneration of cervical discs and joints
- Neck pain and stiffness
- Reduced neck flexibility
- Headaches originating from the neck
In advanced cases, it may lead to nerve or spinal cord compression.
2. Cervical Disc Herniation (Slipped Disc)
This condition occurs when a cervical intervertebral disc bulges or ruptures, pressing on nearby nerves.
Common symptoms:
- Neck pain radiating to the shoulder or arm
- Tingling or numbness in the fingers
- Weakness in the arm or hand
- Pain that worsens with neck movement
3. Cervical Radiculopathy
Cervical radiculopathy refers to compression or irritation of a nerve root in the cervical spine.
Typical signs include:
- Sharp, shooting pain down the arm
- Numbness or tingling following a nerve pattern
- Muscle weakness in the upper limb
It is often caused by disc herniation or bone spurs.
4. Cervical Myelopathy
Cervical myelopathy is a serious condition caused by compression of the spinal cord in the neck.
Warning symptoms:
- Difficulty walking or balance problems
- Weakness in arms or legs
- Hand clumsiness or difficulty with fine movements
- Bladder or bowel changes in severe cases
This condition requires urgent medical evaluation.
5. Cervical Spinal Stenosis
Cervical spinal stenosis occurs when the spinal canal narrows, reducing space for the spinal cord or nerves.
Symptoms may include:
- Neck pain
- Arm or hand numbness
- Weakness
- Balance or coordination problems
Stenosis often develops gradually and worsens over time.
6. Whiplash Injury
Whiplash is a soft-tissue cervical spine injury caused by sudden forward and backward movement of the neck, commonly seen in road traffic accidents.
Common complaints:
- Neck pain and stiffness
- Headaches
- Shoulder and upper back pain
- Reduced neck movement
7. Cervical Facet Joint Syndrome
Facet joints connect the cervical vertebrae and allow controlled neck motion. Degeneration or inflammation of these joints can cause pain.
Features include:
- Localized neck pain
- Pain worsening with rotation or extension
- Muscle spasms
8. Cervical Sprain and Strain
These injuries affect the ligaments (sprain) or muscles (strain) of the neck.
Symptoms include:
- Neck pain and tenderness
- Muscle tightness
- Limited range of motion
They often result from sudden movements, poor posture, or overuse.
9. Cervical Kyphosis
Infections such as discitis or vertebral osteomyelitis can affect cervical vertebrae or discs.
Warning signs:
- Persistent neck pain
- Fever
- Night pain
- Neurological symptoms
Early diagnosis is essential to prevent complications.
10. Cervical Spine Infections
Infections such as discitis or vertebral osteomyelitis can affect cervical vertebrae or discs.
Warning signs:
- Persistent neck pain
- Fever
- Night pain
- Neurological symptoms
Early diagnosis is essential to prevent complications.
11. Cervical Spine Tumors
Tumors may arise from bone, nerve tissue, or surrounding structures in the cervical spine.
Symptoms may include:
- Progressive neck pain
- Numbness or weakness
- Unexplained weight loss in some cases
12. Rheumatoid Arthritis of the Cervical Spine
Inflammatory arthritis can affect the upper cervical joints, leading to instability.
Possible symptoms:
- Neck pain and stiffness
- Limited movement
- Neurological symptoms in advanced stages
When to Seek Medical Attention
Consult a spine specialist if you experience:
- Persistent neck pain
- Arm pain, numbness, or weakness
- Balance or walking difficulties
- Bladder or bowel changes
Early diagnosis of cervical spine disorders improves treatment outcomes and helps prevent long-term complications.
Final Thoughts
Cervical spine disorders range from mild, manageable conditions to serious neurological problems. Understanding the different cervical spine disorders, their symptoms, and warning signs can help you seek timely medical care and protect long-term spine health.
