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What Is Kyphosis? Symptoms of Kyphosis
What is kyphosis? Kyphosis is a spinal condition characterized by an excessive outward curvature of the upper back, resulting in a rounded or hunched posture. While a slight curve in the thoracic (upper) spine is normal, kyphosis occurs when this curvature becomes exaggerated. Common kyphosis symptoms may include back pain, stiffness, visible postural changes, and in severe cases, functional limitations that affect daily activities.
What Is Kyphosis?
Kyphosis refers to an abnormal forward curvature of the spine, most commonly affecting the thoracic region (mid to upper back). In a healthy spine, the thoracic curve ranges between 20 and 45 degrees. When this curvature exceeds the normal range, it is considered kyphosis.
The condition may develop gradually or appear suddenly, depending on the underlying cause. Kyphosis is not always painful, but noticeable postural changes are often the first sign.
Types of Kyphosis
Understanding the type of kyphosis helps explain why symptoms can vary from person to person.
Postural Kyphosis
- Common in adolescents and young adults
- Often related to poor posture or prolonged slouching
- Usually flexible and correctable with posture improvement
Scheuermann’s Kyphosis
- Develops during adolescence
- Caused by wedge-shaped vertebrae
- Often more rigid and noticeable than postural kyphosis
Congenital Kyphosis
- Present at birth
- Results from abnormal spinal development
- May worsen as the child grows
Age-Related (Degenerative) Kyphosis
- Common in older adults
- Often linked to osteoporosis, spinal degeneration, or vertebral fractures
Symptoms of Kyphosis
Symptoms of kyphosis can range from mild to severe and may worsen over time if left untreated. The severity of symptoms often depends on the degree of curvature and the underlying cause.
1. Rounded or Hunched Upper Back
The most visible symptom of kyphosis is a noticeable rounding of the upper back. In some individuals, this may appear as a hump or exaggerated stoop, especially when standing or walking.
2. Poor Posture
People with kyphosis often struggle to maintain an upright posture. The shoulders may roll forward, and the head may appear positioned ahead of the body rather than aligned over the spine.
3. Back Pain or Stiffness
Mild to moderate back pain is a common symptom, particularly after long periods of sitting or standing. Stiffness in the upper back may limit flexibility and make movement uncomfortable.
4. Muscle Fatigue
Muscles in the back and shoulders may tire easily as they work harder to support the abnormal spinal curve. This can lead to a feeling of heaviness or strain in the upper back.
5. Reduced Spinal Flexibility
Kyphosis can limit the spine’s ability to bend or rotate, making everyday activities such as reaching overhead or turning the torso more difficult.
6. Neck and Shoulder Discomfort
Because kyphosis alters spinal alignment, it can place extra stress on the neck and shoulders, leading to pain or tension in these areas.
7. Breathing Difficulties (Severe Cases)
In advanced kyphosis, especially when the curvature compresses the chest cavity, lung expansion may be restricted. This can result in shortness of breath during physical activity.
8. Balance Issues
Changes in posture and spinal alignment may affect balance, increasing the risk of falls, particularly in older adults.
When to Seek Medical Attention
Medical evaluation is recommended if:
- The spinal curve appears to be worsening
- Back pain interferes with daily activities
- Breathing difficulty or neurological symptoms occur
- Kyphosis is present in a growing child
Early assessment helps determine whether observation, physical therapy, or further intervention is required.
Key Takeaway
Kyphosis is a spinal condition marked by excessive curvature of the upper back. While mild forms may cause minimal discomfort, more pronounced kyphosis can lead to pain, stiffness, breathing difficulty, and functional limitations. Recognizing the symptoms early and seeking appropriate medical guidance can play a crucial role in managing the condition effectively.
